Page rates 2026

The rates below are page rates and apply to excerpts published in 2026. The rates are indexed annually in accordance with the collective labor agreement (CAO) wage indexover the entire previous year (inflation adjustment).

Explanation of page rates

Invoice Calculation:
The total invoice amount depends on the number of pages, the page rate, and the print run. The print run is determined by the number of copies printed (reader/syllabus) or the number of students who have access to the transfer(s) via a digital learning environment.

VAT:
A VAT rate of 21% is applied to non-short transfers. No VAT is applicable to the other categories.

Educational institutions without a buyout scheme:
Almost all educational institutions in the Netherlands make use of a buyout fee for the use of short excerpts from copyrighted works. For educational institutions that do not use a UvO buyout scheme, only the page rates for "short excerpts" apply.

Out-of-Print Rate:
For works no longer available for sale, a fixed rate of 4.5 eurocents applies. However, if prior permission is not obtained, the higher infringement rate will be applied.

Explanation of Page Rates

The page rates applied by UvO are derived from the so-called anthology scheme for educational publications. This scheme allows publishers to reuse each other’s content. Still in use today, this arrangement dates back to 1974 and calculates the (average) author’s royalty based on an (average) page price. Based on an average author’s royalty of 10% and an average page price of 25 guilders cents, the first reader schemes applied a fair compensation of 2.5 guilders cents per page. The average full page price of 25 guilders cents was also used as the basis for rate calculations for non-short excerpts and damages.

• Invoice Calculation: The total invoice amount depends on the number of pages, the page rate, and the print run. The print run is determined by the number of copies printed (reader/syllabus) or by the number of students who have access to the excerpt(s) via a digital learning environment.

• VAT: A 21% VAT is applied to non-short excerpts. Other categories are not subject to VAT.

• Educational Institutions Without Buyout Scheme: Almost all educational institutions (universities of applied sciences and research universities) use a lump-sum buyout for the use of short excerpts from copyright-protected works. For institutions that do not use a UvO buyout scheme, only the page rates for “short excerpts” apply.

• Out-of-Print Rate: For works that are no longer commercially available, a fixed rate of €0.045 applies. However, if prior permission is not requested, the higher infringement rate will be applied.